USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS IN ASSESSING THE DISEASE RESISTANCE OF GRAPE VARIETIES

Abstract

In this study, the resistance of local (Husayni, Toifi, Kattakurgan) and foreign (Moldova, Kardinal, Rizamat) grape varieties to the main diseases - oidium (Uncinula necator), mildiu (Plasmopara viticola) and gray rot (Botrytis cinerea) in the conditions of Uzbekistan was assessed using biotechnological methods. Along with traditional field observations, molecular markers (SSR, RAPD, SNP), in vitro experiments, and phytopathological tests were used. The obtained results showed that local varieties, despite their adaptability to climatic conditions, have a high degree of sensitivity, while foreign varieties have a higher degree of resistance. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of genes Run1 and Rpv1 responsible for resistance in some varieties and hybrid forms. In vitro experiments were effective in determining the resistance of individual varieties to stress factors and their ability to regenerate. Disease resistance genes were recorded in 30-40% of hybrid forms obtained on the basis of crossing local and foreign varieties, of which 25-30% showed high resistance in practice. In addition, some hybrid samples showed superior results in terms of yield and fruit quality indicators. Based on the research results, it has been proven that biotechnological methods allow for a quick and reliable assessment of grape varieties for disease resistance, accelerate the breeding process two to three times, and play an important role in creating high-yielding, resistant varieties.